关于 SD NAND 的测试，我将从测试流程、测试项目、常见问题及解决方案等方面进行介绍。以下是一个完整的 SD NAND 测试框架，供你参考：
import time
import logging
import random
from typing import Dict, List, Tuple, Optional
# 配置日志
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class SDNANDTester:
"""SD NAND芯片测试框架"""
def __init__(self, device_id: str, interface: str = "SPI"):
"""
初始化测试器
Args:
device_id: 设备ID
interface: 通信接口类型，支持SPI、SDIO等
"""
self.device_id = device_id
self.interface = interface
self.test_results = {} # 存储测试结果
self.is_connected = False
def connect(self) -> bool:
"""连接到SD NAND设备"""
try:
# 模拟连接设备
logger.info(f"正在通过{self.interface}接口连接设备 {self.device_id}...")
time.sleep(0.5)
self.is_connected = True
logger.info(f"设备 {self.device_id} 连接成功")
return True
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"设备连接失败: {e}")
self.is_connected = False
return False
def disconnect(self) -> None:
"""断开与设备的连接"""
if self.is_connected:
logger.info(f"断开设备 {self.device_id} 连接")
self.is_connected = False
def read_device_info(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
"""读取设备基本信息"""
if not self.is_connected:
raise RuntimeError("设备未连接")
# 模拟读取设备信息
logger.info("读取设备基本信息...")
return {
"manufacturer": "Samsung",
"model": "K9F4G08U0B",
"capacity": "512MB",
"firmware_version": "1.2.3",
"interface": self.interface
}
def test_basic_read_write(self, block_size: int = 4096, num_blocks: int = 10) -> bool:
"""
基本读写测试
Args:
block_size: 块大小（字节）
num_blocks: 测试块数量
"""
if not self.is_connected:
raise RuntimeError("设备未连接")
logger.info(f"开始基本读写测试 - 块大小: {block_size}B, 测试块数量: {num_blocks}")
test_passed = True
errors = []
for block_id in range(num_blocks):
# 生成随机测试数据
test_data = bytes([random.randint(0, 255) for _ in range(block_size)])
try:
# 写入数据
self._write_block(block_id, test_data)
time.sleep(0.01) # 模拟写入延时
# 读取数据
read_data = self._read_block(block_id, block_size)
# 验证数据
if read_data != test_data:
errors.append(f"块 {block_id} 数据验证失败")
test_passed = False
except Exception as e:
errors.append(f"块 {block_id} 测试异常: {e}")
test_passed = False
self.test_results["basic_read_write"] = {
"passed": test_passed,
"block_size": block_size,
"num_blocks": num_blocks,
"errors": errors
}
return test_passed
def test_bad_block_detection(self) -> Tuple[bool, List[int]]:
"""坏块检测测试"""
if not self.is_connected:
raise RuntimeError("设备未连接")
logger.info("开始坏块检测测试...")
bad_blocks = []
test_passed = True
# 模拟检测1024个块
for block_id in range(1024):
try:
# 尝试读取块状态
is_bad = self._check_block_status(block_id)
if is_bad:
bad_blocks.append(block_id)
except Exception as e:
logger.warning(f"检测块 {block_id} 时出错: {e}")
bad_blocks.append(block_id)
# 验证坏块数量是否在允许范围内（假设最多允许5个坏块）
if len(bad_blocks) > 5:
test_passed = False
logger.error(f"检测到 {len(bad_blocks)} 个坏块，超过允许范围")
self.test_results["bad_block_detection"] = {
"passed": test_passed,
"bad_blocks": bad_blocks,
"total_blocks": 1024
}
return test_passed, bad_blocks
def test_endurance(self, cycles: int = 1000, block_size: int = 4096) -> bool:
"""耐久性测试（P/E循环测试）"""
if not self.is_connected:
raise RuntimeError("设备未连接")
logger.info(f"开始耐久性测试 - 循环次数: {cycles}, 块大小: {block_size}B")
test_passed = True
block_id = 0 # 选择一个块进行耐久性测试
errors = []
for cycle in range(cycles):
try:
# 生成测试数据
test_data = bytes([cycle % 256 for _ in range(block_size)])
# 擦除块
self._erase_block(block_id)
# 写入数据
self._write_block(block_id, test_data)
# 读取并验证
read_data = self._read_block(block_id, block_size)
if read_data != test_data:
errors.append(f"循环 {cycle} 数据验证失败")
test_passed = False
break
if cycle % 100 == 0:
logger.info(f"耐久性测试进度: {cycle}/{cycles}")
except Exception as e:
errors.append(f"循环 {cycle} 测试异常: {e}")
test_passed = False
break
self.test_results["endurance"] = {
"passed": test_passed,
"cycles": cycles,
"block_size": block_size,
"errors": errors
}
return test_passed
def test_command_execution(self) -> bool:
"""命令执行测试（针对你之前提到的问题）"""
if not self.is_connected:
raise RuntimeError("设备未连接")
logger.info("开始命令执行测试...")
test_passed = True
errors = []
# 定义要测试的命令集
test_commands = [
{"name": "READ_ID", "opcode": 0x9F, "response_length": 5},
{"name": "ERASE_BLOCK", "opcode": 0xD8, "response_length": 0},
{"name": "WRITE_ENABLE", "opcode": 0x06, "response_length": 0},
{"name": "READ_STATUS", "opcode": 0x05, "response_length": 1},
]
for cmd in test_commands:
try:
# 发送命令并获取响应
response = self._send_command(cmd["opcode"], cmd["response_length"])
# 验证响应（简化版，实际应根据命令类型进行不同验证）
if cmd["response_length"] > 0 and len(response) != cmd["response_length"]:
errors.append(f"命令 {cmd['name']} 响应长度错误: "
f"期望 {cmd['response_length']} 字节，实际 {len(response)} 字节")
test_passed = False
except Exception as e:
errors.append(f"命令 {cmd['name']} 执行失败: {e}")
test_passed = False
self.test_results["command_execution"] = {
"passed": test_passed,
"commands_tested": [cmd["name"] for cmd in test_commands],
"errors": errors
}
return test_passed
def generate_test_report(self) -> str:
"""生成测试报告"""
report = f"SD NAND测试报告 - 设备ID: {self.device_id}
"
report += "=" * 50 + "
"
for test_name, result in self.test_results.items():
report += f"{test_name.upper()}: {'通过' if result['passed'] else '失败'}
"
if not result['passed'] and 'errors' in result:
for error in result['errors']:
report += f" - 错误: {error}
"
report += "-" * 50 + "
"
# 整体测试结果
all_passed = all(result['passed'] for result in self.test_results.values())
report += f"整体测试结果: {'通过' if all_passed else '失败'}
"
report += "=" * 50 + "
"
return report
# 以下为模拟底层硬件操作的私有方法，实际应用中需替换为真实的硬件驱动
def _write_block(self, block_id: int, data: bytes) -> None:
"""写入块数据（模拟）"""
# 模拟写入延时
time.sleep(0.05 * (len(data) / 4096))
def _read_block(self, block_id: int, size: int) -> bytes:
"""读取块数据（模拟）"""
# 模拟读取延时
time.sleep(0.02 * (size / 4096))
# 正常情况下返回原始数据，异常情况下返回部分错误数据
if random.random() < 0.02: # 模拟2%的错误率
error_pos = random.randint(0, size-1)
return bytes([b if i != error_pos else b ^ 0xFF for i, b in enumerate(bytes(size))])
return bytes(size)
def _erase_block(self, block_id: int) -> None:
"""擦除块（模拟）"""
time.sleep(0.1) # 模拟擦除延时
def _check_block_status(self, block_id: int) -> bool:
"""检查块状态（模拟）"""
# 模拟500个块中有10个坏块（2%的坏块率）
return block_id in [123, 456, 789, 246, 369, 159, 753, 852, 963, 147]
def _send_command(self, opcode: int, response_length: int) -> bytes:
"""发送命令并获取响应（模拟）"""
# 模拟命令执行延时
time.sleep(0.01)
# 模拟2%的命令执行失败率
if random.random() < 0.02:
raise RuntimeError("命令执行超时")
return bytes(response_length)
# 测试示例
if __name__ == "__main__":
tester = SDNANDTester(device_id="SDNAND001", interface="SPI")
try:
# 连接设备
if tester.connect():
# 读取设备信息
info = tester.read_device_info()
logger.info(f"设备信息: {info}")
# 执行各项测试
tester.test_basic_read_write(block_size=4096, num_blocks=20)
tester.test_bad_block_detection()
tester.test_endurance(cycles=500, block_size=4096)
tester.test_command_execution()
# 生成并打印测试报告
report = tester.generate_test_report()
logger.info("
" + report)
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"测试过程中发生错误: {e}")
finally:
# 断开连接
tester.disconnect()
这个测试框架包含了对 SD NAND 芯片的主要测试项目，包括：
框架采用面向对象设计，便于扩展和维护。你可以根据实际需求修改测试参数（如块大小、测试循环次数等）。
在实际应用中，你需要将代码中的模拟硬件操作部分（如_write_block、_read_block等方法）替换为真实的硬件驱动，通过 SPI 或 SDIO 接口与 HC32F460 主控和 SD NAND 芯片进行通信。
